GettingStartedControls Part 3

In Part 3 of the GettingStartedControls Sample we will create a (Phone Connection) Options scene. This scene offers the possibility to choose the connection type (Cable, Bluetooth and other) from a Dial Control on the left side. On the right side is a List with Sub-List Controls. The Sub-List Control will appear depending on the item selected in the List.

As basis for step 3 of our GettingStartedControls tutorial, please use your own created solution from the previous "GettingStartedControls" tutorial.

And this is what the final scene will look like:

Preparing the Options scene

1. Create a new scene via the menu "Scene" - "New 2D Scene" or press < Ctrl+2 > on your keyboard
   
   • The "Add New Scene 2D" dialog will be opened.
     
2. In the first row select "/Scenes" from the drop-down menu. Enter "SceneOptions" as name and press [ OK ]. We use the prefix "Scene" to have all scenes listed next to each other in the Solution Explorer panel.
   • A new scene "SceneOptions" is created and visible in the Solution Explorer panel in folder "Scenes".
   • The new scene is opened in the Scene Editor and in the Scene Tree panel.
   • In the Scene Tree panel you can see that the scene already has a camera.
   • In the Render Targets panel you can see that the camera is already added to the RenderTarget.
     
3. In the Render Targets panel check the checkbox of "SceneOptions\Camera" in order to enable rendering.
4. In the Render Targets panel select the SceneOptions\Camera. In the Properties panel's [ Camera ] section change the sequence number to 2.
   • The camera's sequence number is set to 2.
   • In the Scene Tree panel the red Information/Warning/Error square disappears.
     

Importing Images

This scene uses the built-in Scene Composer controls but they will be customized with new images. Therefore these images have to be imported into the Scene Composer solution.

Configuring the Background

1. From the Toolbox panel's [ Node 2D ] section drag a 2D Group nodes into the Scene Tree directly onto the node "SceneOptions".
   • In the Scene Tree panel you can see a 2D Group node.
2. From the Toolbox panel's [ Node 2D ] section drag a BitmapNodes onto the 2D Group node.
   • In the Scene Tree panel you can see that a BitmapNodes has been created.
3. In the Scene Tree panel select the 2D Group and create a copy either via the context menu entries "Copy" and "Paste" or via the keyboard <Ctrl>+C and <Ctrl>+V.
   • A copy of the 2D Group with its BitmapNode has been created.
   • In Scene Tree panel the name of the copy is "Group_1".
4. In the Scene Tree panel select the nodes added in the steps before one after the other and rename them either via the context menu entry "Rename" or by pressing <F2> on your keyboard. Apply the names provided in the table below.
   • In the Scene Tree panel you can see that the nodes have been renamed.

     Target Item		Name
     Group		Connection
     	BitmapNode	Background
     Group_1		Devices
     	BitmapNode	Background

     
5. In the Scene Tree panel select both BitmapNodes called "Background". This can be achieved by selecting one BitmapNode, holding down the <Ctrl> key and keeping it pressed while clicking on the second BitmapNode. In Scene Tree panel's right side select the "BitmapBrushBlend" effect. In the Properties panel's [ Effect ] section click on the magnifying glass icon next to the Image property.
   • In the Properties panel you can now edit the BitmapBrushBlend effect for both BitmapNodes.
   • The "Choose Item" dialog will be opened.
     
     
6. In the "Choose Item" dialog select the image as in the table below and click [ OK ].
   • The Choose Item dialog will be closed.
   • In the Scene Editor a background image is visible displaying a vertical grey-black gradient.

     Property	Path
     Image	/Resources/Options/ConnectionOptionsENBOSBmp

     • 
7. In the Scene Tree panel select the "Connection" group. In the Properties panel's [ Transformations ] section adjust the "Position" property according to the table below. Repeat this step with the "Devices" group.
   • In Scene Editor two rectangles with a gradient background are visible.

     Target Name	Position X	Position Y
     Connection	78.00	58.00
     Devices	551.00	58.00

     

Configuration of the "Connection" Nodes

Creation and Positioning of the Dial Control

1. From the Toolbox panel's [ Controls ] section under Touchable drag a Dial control into the Scene Tree panel directly onto the "Connection" group.
   • In the Scene Tree panel a Dial control has been added into the "Connection" group.
   • In the Scene Editor the Dial control is visible in the top left corner of the left gradient image.
2. In the Scene Tree panel select the Dial control. In the Properties panel's [ Transformation ] section adjust its position according to the table below.
   • In the Scene Editor the Dial control is positioned in the lower center of the gradient image.

     Target Name	Position X	Position Y
     Dial	72.00	163.00

Configuration of the Dial Control

1. In the Properties panel's [ Control ] section click on the magnifying glass icon next to property "Knob Image".
   • The "Choose Item" dialog will be opened.
2. In the "Choose Item" dialog select the image as in the table below and click [ OK ].
   • The Choose Item dialog will be closed.
   • In the Scene Editor an orange ring will become visible.

     Property	Path
     Knob Image	/Resources/Options/NewDial_arrow_middleBmp

3. In the Properties panel's [ Control ] section click on the the "BackgroundImages" section.
   • In the Properties panel the "BackgroundImages" section will be expanded.
4. In the Properties panel click on the magnifying glass next to "BackgroundImages 0".
   • The "Choose Item" dialog will be opened.
5. In the Choose Item dialog navigate to "/Resources/Options/NewDial_background_leftBmp", select this image and click [ OK ].
   • In the Properties panel the first BackgroundImage has been configured.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 to configure the remaining BackgroundImages as in the table below.
   • In Properties panel all BackgroundImages are configured.
   • In Scene Editor you can see the newly configured images.

     If the new images are not visible try refreshing the screen by pressing the <F5> key on your keyboard.

     StateImages	Image Path
     BackgroundImages 0	/Resources/Options/NewDial_background_leftBmp
     BackgroundImages 1	/Resources/Options/NewDial_background_middleBmp
     BackgroundImages 2	/Resources/Options/NewDial_background_rightBmp

     
7. In the Solution Explorer panel select the new Knob Image "/Resources/Options/NewDial_arrow_middleBmp". In the Properties panel's [ Bitmap ] section enable "Pivot Hint" by checking the respective checkbox.
   • A new property "Pivot Hint" becomes visible.
8. Configure the "Pivot Hint" as in the table below.
   • The Pivot Hint for the Knob Image is configured correctly.
9. In the Solution Explorer select the three images that were configured as BackgroundImages. In the Properties panel proceed similar to steps 10 and 11, enabling and configuring the Pivot Hint of these three images according to the table below.
   • The Pivot Hint is configured correctly.
   • In Scene Editor the Dial's images are neatly aligned. The images have a common center.

     If the the images are still not aligned correctly try refreshing the screen by pressing the <F5> key on your keyboard.

     Target Name	Enable Pivot Hint	Pivot Hint X	Pivot Hint Y
     NewDial_arrow_middleBmp	true	84,50	88,00
     NewDial_background_leftBmp	true	130,50	130,50
     NewDial_background_middleBmp	true	130,50	130,50
     NewDial_Background_rightBmp	true	130,50	130,50

     
     

Adding TextNodes as Connection Labels

1. From the Toolbox panel's [ Nodes 2D ] drag and drop a TextNode into the Scene Tree panel directly onto the "Connection" group node.
   • In the Scene Tree panel a TextNode will become visible.
   • In the Scene Editor the text "Text" will appear.

     If the text does not appear in Scene Editor, the BitmapNode "Background" might be covering the TextNode. Make sure that "Background" is the first (top) item inside the "Connection" group. Nodes can be re-arranged in the Scene Tree panel via drag&drop.
     

2. In the Scene Tree panel select the new TextNode. In the Properties panel's [ 2D Text Node ] section click on the magnifying glass icon next to property "Style".
   • The "Text Style Palette" dialog will be opened.
3. In the "Text Style Palette" dialog select "OpenSans25" and click [ OK ].
   • In Scene Editor the Text Style of the TextNode will change.
4. In the Scene Tree panel right click onto Connection and select "Clone..." from the context menu.
   • The "Clone Item" dialog will be opened.
5. In the "Clone Item" dialog change to the "Multiple Clone" tab. Configure "Number of Copies" to "3" and click [ OK ].
   
   • In the Scene Tree panel 4 TextNodes are now available inside the "Connection" group.
     
     
6. In the Scene Tree panel select the newly created TextNodes one after the other and configure their names in the Scene Tree panel and the remaining properties in the Properties panel as in the table below.
   • The TextNodes are fully configured.
   • The final result of the Connection part can be seen in the images below.

     TextNode Name	2D Text Node	Transformations
     	Text	Position X	Position Y
     TextNode_Connection	Connection	141	61
     TextNode_Bluetooth	Bluetooth	149	134
     TextNode_Cable	Cable	20	200
     TextNode_Other	Other	315	200

     

Setting up the "Devices" nodes

1. From the Toolbox panel's [ Control ] section under "Touchable" drag a List Control into the Scene Tree panel directly onto the "Devices" group node.
   • In the Scene Tree panel a "List" node is visible directly under the "Background" node.
   • This list node contains a "ListContentGroupAnchor", that is visible in Scene Tree panel by expanding the List node via a click on the triangle on its left.
2. In the Scene Tree panel right-click on the newly created List node and choose [ Expand Control Node ] from the context menu.
   • In the Scene Tree panel the expanded List now shows a "ListContentGroup" and a "Scrollbar".
3. In the Scene Tree panel right-click on the "Scrollbar" and once again choose [ Expand Control Node ] from the context menu.
   • In the Scene Tree panel the expanded Scrollbar shows 6 sub-nodes.
     
4. In the Scene Tree panel right-click on the List node and choose [ Save as Control... ] from the context menu.
   • The "Add New Templates" dialog will be opened.
5. In the "Add New Templates" dialog select the "/Controls" folder to store the new control in, enter "MyList" as name and click [ OK ]. 
   • A new customizable control "MyList" has been created. It is visible in the Solution Explorer panel in the Controls folder and in the Toolbox panel's [ Controls ] section as last item of the list.

   • The Scene Editor doesn't display SceneOptions any more, it displays the control MyList. 
     

   • The Scene Tree panel shows the structure of MyList.

   • The Properties panel shows the properties of "MyList (Control)".
     

     

Configure MyList Control

Expose MyList's ScrollBarVisibility

1. In the Solution Explorer right-click on the newly created control "MyList" and choose [ Control Properties... ] from the context menu.
   • The "Configure Public Control Properties" dialog will be opened.
     
2. In the "Configure Public Control Properties" dialog's tree on the left side select the following item MyList > List > Scrollbar > Behaviors > ScrollbarBehavior. In the dialog's centered panel "Internal properties" find property "ScrollbarVisibility", check the "Is Public" checkbox and click [ OK ].
   • The "Configure Public Control Properties" dialog will be closed.
   • For every instance of the MyList control, there will be a property available to configure the visibility of the scrollbar.
     
     
3. In the Scene Tree navigate back to SceneOptions by pressing the arrow in the top left corner.
   • The Scene Tree panel navigates back to SceneOptions and displays SceneOptions and its nodes.
   • The Scene Editor displays SceneOptions.
     
     
4. In the Scene Tree delete the List node.
   • The "Delete Item" dialog will be opened.
5. In the "Delete Item" dialog press [ OK ].
   • The List node is deleted.
6. From the Toolbox panel's [ Control ] section drag and drop a MyList control into the Scene Tree panel directly onto the Devices group.
   • In the Scene Tree panel, a new MyList node will be visible.
7. In the Scene Tree panel select "MyList". In the Properties panel's [ Control ] section set the "Scrollbar Visibility" to "Visible".
   • In the Scene Editor a small blue scrollbar becomes visible.
     
     

Customize MyList's Scrollbar

1. In the Scene Tree panel double-click on the MyList node.
   • Scene Tree panel will switch from displaying SceneOptions to displaying the MyList template.
2. In the Scene Tree panel select the "Thumb" button node. In the Properties panel change the button's image properties according to the table below by clicking the magnifying glass icon and selecting the appropriate image in the "Select Item" dialog.
   • New images for the scrollbar's "Thumb" have been defined.

     MyList > List > Scrollbar > Thumb
     Thumb Images	Image Path
     Normal Image	/Resources/Options/ThumbNormalBmp2Bmp
     Pressed Image	/Resources/Options/ThumbPressedBmp2Bmp
     Focused Image	/Resources/Options/ThumbNormalBmp2Bmp

3. In the Scene Tree panel select the "VerticalPrevItem" button node. In the Properties panel change the button's image properties according to the table below by clicking the magnifying glass icon and selecting the appropriate image in the "Select Item" dialog.
   • New images for the scrollbar's "VerticalPrevItem" have been defined.

     MyList > List > Scrollbar > PrevItem > VerticalPrevItem
     VerticalPrevItem Images	Image Path
     Normal Image	/Resources/Options/ArrowUpNormalBmp2Bmp
     Pressed Image	/Resources/Options/ArrowUpPressedBmp2Bmp
     Focused Image	/Resources/Options/ArrowUpNormalBmp2Bmp

4. In the Scene Tree panel select the "VerticalNextItem" button node. In the Properties panel change the button's image properties according to the table below by clicking the magnifying glass icon and selecting the appropriate image in the "Select Item" dialog.
   • New images for the scrollbar's "VerticalNextItem" have been defined.

     MyList > List > Scrollbar > NextItem > VerticalNextItem
     VerticalNextItem Images	Image Path
     Normal Image	/Resources/Options/ArrowDownNormalBmp2Bmp
     Pressed Image	/Resources/Options/ArrowDownPressedBmp2Bmp
     Focused Image	/Resources/Options/ArrowDownNormalBmp2Bmp

5. In the Scene Tree navigate back to SceneOptions by pressing the arrow in the top left corner.
   
   • The Scene Tree displays SceneOptions.
   • In the Scene Editor the scroll bar is now rendered with the new images in orange color.
     
     

Configure MyList's Main Item

1. In the Scene Tree panel double-click on the MyList node.
   • Scene Tree panel switches from SceneOptions to MyList.
   • You are now able to edit the MyList template.
2. From the Toolbar's [ 2D Nodes ] section drag a OverlayLayout into the Scene Tree panel directly onto the List's "ListContentGroup" (MyList > List > ListContentGroup).
   • In the Scene Tree panel there is an OverlayLayout inside of "ListContentGroup".
3. From the Toolbar's [ 2D Nodes ] section drag a RenderNode and a TextNode into the Scene Tree panel directly onto the OverlayLayout that was created in the previous step.
   • In the Scene Tree panel there are a RenderNode and a TextNode inside the OverlayLayout that was created in the previous step.
   • In the Scene Editor the TextNode is visible displaying the TextNode's default text "Text".
     
4. In the Scene Tree panel rename the nodes created in the previous steps rename them either via the context menu entry "Rename" or by pressing <F2> on your keyboard according to the table below.
   • In the Scene Tree panel the nodes are renamed according to the following table.

     Initial Name	New Name
     OverlayLayout	MainItem
     TextNode	EntryName
     RenderNode	FocusImage

5. In the Scene Tree panel select the List (Group2D). In the Properties panel  [ Transformation ] section configure the position and size according to the following table.
   
   • In Scene Editor the Position and size of the selected rectangle is adjusted according to the new settings.

   • Size X and Size Y properties are initially set to "Automatic" and greyed out. Clicking onto the "A" next to the greyed-out input field allows you to edit these properties.

     Target Item	Transformation		Layout
     	Position X	Position Y	Size X	Size Y
     List (Group2D)	58	134	300	300

Configure MyList's Highlight for Selected Item

1. From the Toolbox panel's [Effects] section drag a BitmapBrushColorBlend effect into the Scene Tree panel directly onto the MainItem's FocusImage.
   • In the Scene Tree panel's right side you can see BitmapBrushColorBlend effect under "Effects" when FocusImage is selected.
2. In the Scene Tree panel select FocusImage. In the Scene Tree panel's right side select the BitmapBrushColorBlend effect. In the Properties panel click on the magnifying glass icon next to the "Image" property.
   • The "Choose Item" dialog will be opened.
3. In the "Choose Item" dialog select the image as in the table below and click [ OK ]. 
   • The "Choose Item" dialog will be closed.

     Target Item	Image
     MyList > List > >ListContentGroup > MainItem > FocusImage > BitmapBrushColorBlend	//ConstructionKit/ConstructionKit/Controls/Images/Common/BorderFocusedBmp

4. In the Properties panel click on the Color rectangle next to the Color property.
   • The "Color Palette" dialog will be opened.
5. In the "Color Palette" dialog change the Color value by entering new values for "Red", "Green" and "Blue" according to the table below.
   • In the Properties panel the configured orange color will be visible.

     The Color property can also be edited in the Color Palette window, which can be opened by clicking on the color preview rectangle next to the Color property.

     Target Item	Color
     	Red	Green	Blue
     MyList > List > >ListContentGroup > MainItem > FocusImage > BitmapBrushColorBlend	1.0	0.62	0.00

     
6. In the Scene Tree panel select the FocusImage node. In the Properties panel's [ Layout ] section set the StretchBehavior to "Fill" according to the table below.
   
   • In the Scene Tree panel the FocusImage RenderNode will appear with an orange outline.

     Target Item	Layout > StretchBehavior
     MyList > List > >ListContentGroup > MainItem > FocusImage	Fill

     
     
     

Create MyList's Sub-List

1. From the Toolbox panel's [ Controls ] section under "Touchable" drag a Sub-List into the Scene Tree panel directly onto the List's ListContentGroup
   • In the Scene Tree panel the Sub-List node is positioned inside of ListContentGroup just below the MainItem.
   • The Sub-List has a SubListAnchor.
     
     
2. From the Toolbox panel's [ Node2D ] section drag a StackLayout into the Scene Tree panel directly onto the Sub-List's SubListAnchor.
   • In the Scene Tree panel the StackLayout appears beneath the Sub-List's SubListAnchor.
3. From the Toolbox panel's [ Controls ] section under "Touchable" drag a TextButton Into the Scene Tree panel directly onto the StackLayout you added in the step before.
   • In the Scene Tree panel the TextButton appears beneath the StackLayout.
4. In the Scene Tree panel select the StackLayout. In the Properties panel's [ Transformation ] and [ Layout ] section configure the properties as in the table below.
   • In the Scene Editor the dashed line of the TextButton's boundings will decrease.
     

     Target Item	Transformations		Layout
     	Scale X	Scale Y	Margin Left
     TextButton	0,75	0,75	12

5. In the Properties panel's [ Control ] section click on the magnifying glass icon next to the TextButton's "Normal Image" property.
   • The "Choose Item" dialog will be opened.
6. In the "Choose Item" dialog select the image according to the table below and click [ OK ].
   • A new image for "Normal Image" has been configured.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for "Pressed Image" and "Focused Image".
   • New images are configured for the TextButton.
     

     Target Item	Image Path
     Normal Image	/Resources/Options/ButtonNorma_BkBmp
     Pressed Image	/Resources/Options/ButtonNorma_Prss_OreBmp
     Focused Image	/Resources/Options/NOTBorderFocusedBmp

8. In the Scene Tree panel select the TextButton and create a copy either via the context menu entries "Copy" and "Paste" or via the keyboard <Ctrl>+C and <Ctrl>+V.
   • A copy of the TextButton has been created.
   • In Scene Tree panel the name of the copy is "TextButton_1".
9. In Scene Tree panel rename the TextButtons according to the table below. Renaming can be done either via the context menu "Rename" or pressing <F2> on your keyboard.
   • In Scene Tree panel the TextButtons are renamed.
10. In Scene Tree panel select the TextButtons individually and change the text they are displaying in the Properties panel's [ Control ] section according to the table below.
    • In Scene Tree panel the TextButtons are renamed.

      Target Item	New Name	Control - Text
      TextButton	TextButton_Connect	Connect
      TextButton_1	TextButton_Unpair	Unpair

      

Setting up MyList's Behaviors

Focus Handling Behaviors

1. In the Scene Tree panel select the MainItem's FocusImage. In the Properties panel's [ Item ] section uncheck "Enable Rendering".
   • In the Scene Editor FocusImage (the orange rectangle) is not visible any more.
   • In the Scene Tree panel an icon indicates the FocusImage node's disabled rendering.
     
2. From the Toolbox panel's [ Behaviors ] section under "Control - Internal" drag a "Handle Control State" behavior into the Scene Tree panel directly onto the MainItem GroupNode.
   • In the Scene Tree panel an orange square appears indicating that this node has a behavior attached.
   • In the Scene Tree panel's right side the attached behavior HandleControlState is visible.
3. From the Toolbox panel's [ Behaviors ] section under "Control" drag a Focus behavior and a FocusLeave behavior into the Scene Tree panel directly onto the MainItem GroupNode.
   • In the Scene Tree panel's right side the attached behaviors Focus and FocusLeave are visible.
   • Both, Focus and FocusLeave offer the possibility to configure an Action, which will be executed when a Focus or a FocusLeave event occurs.
4. From the Toolbox panel's [ Behaviors ] section under "Action - Property" drag an EnableRendering behavior into the Scene Tree panel's right side directly onto the Action entries of the Focus and FocusLeave behavior.
   • In the Scene Tree panel's right side it is visible that for each of Focus and FocusLeave behavior an EnableRendering behavior is configured as action.
     
5. In the Scene Tree panel's right side select the EnableRendering behaviors individually. In the Properties panel apply the settings for the property "Visible" as in the table below.
   • The property "Visible" for both EnableRendering behaviors are configured.
6. In the Properties panel click on the padlock icon in the top right corner, while the EnableRendering behavior is selected.
   
   • The Properties panel is locked.
     
7. From the Scene Tree panel drag the FocusImage into the Properties panel directly onto the inputfield of the "TargetNode" property.
   • In the Properties panel FocusImage is configured as the EnableRendering behavior's TargetNode.
8. In the Properties panel click on the padlock icon in the top right corner a second time.
   
   • The Properties panel is unlocked again.
     
9. Repeat steps 6 to 8 for the other EnableRendering behavior to configure its TargetNode.
   • MyList's behaviors for focus handling are configured.
   • Whenever the MainItem gets the focus, the FocusImage will get visible.
   • Wenever the MainItem looses the focus, the FocusImage will get invisible.
     

     Target Name	Visible	Target Node
     Focus - EnableRendering	True	MyList > List > ListContentGroup > MainItem > FocusImage
     FocusLeave - EnableRendering	False	MyList > List > ListContentGroup > MainItem > FocusImage

     
     

First, add a TextNode to the GroupNode "Devices" for the "Devices" label.

Rename it to TextNode_Devices and set its text to "Devices" and set its position to X:145 Y: 61.

Next, we will set the behaviors so that when a Device entry item ("MainItem") is clicked, a sub-list containing buttons will be visible. These buttons are for connecting/disconnecting the phone device to another.

Drag an "Event Handler" behavior (under Behaviors > Control) onto the "MainItem" Group Node. Then, add a "Check Logic Condition" to the Condition of this Event Handler since we want to put 2 conditions together. Under the "Check Logic Condition" add a "Check Click" condition and another "Check Key Input" condition.

The "Check Key Input" condition, checks if the enter key is pressed. Therefore the KeyCode property will be set to "Key_Enter".

Add a "Send Value as Event" behavior to the "Actions" section of the "Event Handler".

For this action behavior, we want to send a boolean value to the Sub-List as a signal that it should toggle its visibility. So please set the properties of "Send Value as Event" behavior as follows:

The Sub-List control will be the one to receive the boolean value. So let's add a Value behavior to the Sub-List control.

The value that will be sent to the Sub-List control will be of type "Bool", so the Variant type of the Value behavior has to be changed to "Bool" as well:

To configure the action that is performed when the visibility of the Sub-List is toggled, we have to add an "Action on Value" behavior to the Value behavior's receivers.

Only if the value received from "MainItem/Send Value as Event" is TRUE, an action (which will be defined in later steps) shall be performed. Therefore, we will add a "Check processed Value" condition and configure its properties as follows.

The action that shall be performed is a "Set Control State" behavior, which will actually enable the Sub-List when the condition above is met. Please drag it onto the Actions part of the "Action on Value" behavior and configure it as depicted below.

Try to run your solution in the CGI Player. When you click a main item in the list, the sub-list should appear. When clicking it a second time, it will disappear again.

Copy and paste the "MainItem" Group nodes and Sub-List nodes onto the ListContentGroup to create 4 more instances.

Make sure to update the "Send Value as Event" behavior's "TargetNode" property for each MainItem so that it will enable/disable the appropriate sub-lists.

As final step, set the Text of the first 2 list items as "Phone(Private)" and "Phone(Work)" and the last 3 items as "New Device".

You have finished the (Phone Connection) Options Scene tutorial. Generate an asset file as described at the end of Step 1. Load the generated asset into the Player and select the Options scene. You can now play around with the controls. Turn the Dial to select the type of Connection. Click on an item in the Devices list to make the sub-list buttons appear and disappear.